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Relationship between thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled liquids

机译:过冷液体热力学与动力学的关系

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摘要

Diffusivity, a measure for how rapidly a fluid self-mixes, shows an intimate,but seemingly fragmented, connection to thermodynamics. On one hand, the"configurational" contribution to entropy (related to the number ofmechanically-stable configurations that fluid molecules can adopt) has longbeen considered key for predicting supercooled liquid dynamics near the glasstransition. On the other hand, the excess entropy (relative to ideal gas)provides a robust scaling for the diffusivity of fluids above the freezingpoint. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that excessentropy also captures how supercooling a fluid modifies its diffusivity,suggesting that dynamics, from ideal gas to glass, is related to a single,standard thermodynamic quantity.
机译:扩散率是一种衡量流体自混合速度的方法,它显示了与热力学的密切联系,但看似零散。一方面,对熵的“构型”贡献(与流体分子可以采用的机械稳定构型的数量有关)长期以来被认为是预测玻璃化转变附近过冷液体动力学的关键。另一方面,过量的熵(相对于理想气体)为高于冰点的流体的扩散率提供了稳健的缩放比例。在此,据我们所知,第一个证据表明,过熵还可以捕捉到流体过冷如何改变其扩散率,这表明从理想气体到玻璃的动力学与单个标准热力学量有关。

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